riw sealing compound. Granules are chemically treated sodium bentonite granules, which are used as a detailing accessory product, with the Structureseal system. riw sealing compound

 
 Granules are chemically treated sodium bentonite granules, which are used as a detailing accessory product, with the Structureseal systemriw sealing compound  CI/SfB Tt4 P741 November 2013Features & Benefits of Gas Seal Black

Typical installations include floors, retaining walls and. It dries to form a uniform UV resistant and. Toughseal ECO is typically used to provide a water and water- vapour proof barrier, or to give protection against abrasion, fresh and salt water, carbon dioxide, alkalis and dilute mineral acids. RIW Liquid GM Data Sheet. pdf. Fully compatible with RIW waterproofing systems. RIW Cementseal RIW Sealing Compound RIW Sheetseal 226 RIW Double Drain (Protection Board) RIW Flexiseal Pro RIW Waterstop Water Bar to be tied internal to the external face rebar Land Drain 50mm concrete blinding Note: Extent of waterproofing to RIW details, refer to specialistA complete range of products and services RIW, Ltd. Resists up to 100m head of positive and negative water pressure. 3. Reinforce the first coat of Toughseal, if required, with Toughseal Reinforcing Tape, prior to the application of the second coat. RIW Cementfill HB – a waterproof high build repair mortar for profiling and providing fillets. Sheetseal 226 is typically used to provide a water and water vapour barrier in all forms of construction, particularly where large unobstructed areas are to be treated. Joint laps: Side and end laps minimum 100 mm are recommended; end joints staggered. Match case Limit results 1 per page. Apply remaining RIW Sheetseal 226,. Enquire Now. pdf. Lift Pit Waterproofing & Tanking - RIW. 4 RIW Granules are supplied in 20 kg bags. High performance polymericdamp proof courses (DPCs) and cavity tray systems, are designed to damp proof walls by preventing the passage of moisture from the ground, through masonry, up into the fabric of the building, and/or at as a cavity tray to prevent downward movement of water. pdf. RIW Flexiseal Pro or equal and approved RIW 50x50 bead of sealant compound RIW Sheetseal 226x300mm wide engineering grade brickwork below ground level - JUNCTIONS WITH STRUCTURESEAL-RIW Sheetseal 226 to be overlapped by 150mm onto the applied RIW Structureseal. The Code is specific about sealing conduits as directed by manufacturer’s instructions using listed damming fiber and sealing compound. RIW Toughseal protects against impact and abrasion and is ideal for. Single wound membrane with zero creases. Sheetseal 9000 DPC; Sheet Applied Systems. NBS Workmanship - 12 Aug 2013 . RIW Cavity Drain R7 Data Sheet. It is resistant to U. BENEFITS l Totally waterproof l Resists up to 100m head of positive and negative water pressure l Seamless and fully bonded l Applied to damp surfaces l Abrasion and. See separate data sheet. High performance Polymeric Technology. Generally, waterproof membranes are installed onto a suitable horizontal blinding layer and vertically to reinforced concrete or masonry sub-structures. , United Kingdom, - enterprise page. GBP. For more information about our DPC and cavity tray. 25mm x 150mm x 30. A full list of data sheets, including liquid applied systems, DPC & Cavity Trays and many more PDFs - available to view online or download. Cementseal is a two component, polymer modified Cement based waterproof coating for concrete and masonry, with excellent adhesion to prepared substrates. Seamless and fully bonded. Home / Waterproofing by Application. Profile. CONTINUE SHOPPING. The high swelling sodium bentonite is. a 40 x 40mm fillet of Sealing Compound, at all horizontal and vertical internal corners, prior to application of the. Cavity Drain; Double Drain; Plaster Drain; Sump Pumps/Aqua Channel; Movement Joints. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency proceduresFLEXISEAL 500 Flex Sealant – A two-component, reactive, fast curing flexible sealant consisting of resin and powder initiator, used for sealing of cracks and gaps where low level movement can be expected. A CE marked waterproofing composite of high swelling sodium bentonite encapsulated between a non-woven and woven geotextile. Structure Seal compound all as per the architect’s drawings. Our Products. Proofex L Section 10m. Choose between our online CPD below, which focuses on Waterproofing At or Below Ground Level (BS8102:2009) or contact us to book an in-house session. Rinse immediately with plenty of water for 15 minutes holding the eyelids open. Sheetseal 9000 DPC; Sheet Applied Systems. Technical number: 01753 944200. 0. Menu. RIW Waterstop Data Sheet. 1mt x 5mt rolls | £ 234. RIW, Arc House, Terrace Road South, Binfield, Berkshire G42 4PZ Call Technical: 01753 944200, Call Sales: 01753 944210. A full list of data sheets, including liquid applied systems, DPC & Cavity Trays and many more PDFs - available to view online or download. Gas Seal Ancillaries Data Sheet. co. A full list of data sheets, including liquid applied systems, DPC & Cavity Trays and many more PDFs - available to view online or download. RIW DPM Blue ( Formerly Gas Seal Blue ) 2m x 50m. Each carton contains six coils of 5 m length (1) and weighs 25 kg. Available in 100, 130 and 160 mm diameters. Search products by application Find your local stockist Take one of our online CPD’s. Prevents the transmission of water into water sensitive backgrounds. RIW Cementfill WP – a rapid setting waterproof mortar plugging and sealing compound for arresting water ingress. Unbelievable price on Technical insulation in Bracknell (United Kingdom) company RIW, Ltd. Granules are chemically treated sodium bentonite granules, which are used as a detailing accessory product, with the Structureseal system. Sales number: 01753 944210. To complete the robust waterproofing solution, RIW LAC was installed to the top of capping beams linking from RIW Structureseal via RIW’s Sheetseal 226/sealing compound link detail and vertically to concrete. Apply remaining RIW Sheetseal 226, as required, in accordance with J40 /190 RIW Structureseal - 1. Granules are used loose to fill cavities and voids. The product cures to form a durable, highly. RIW Cementfill WP – a rapid setting waterproof mortar plugging and sealing compound for arresting water ingress. Cementjoint;A full list of data sheets, including liquid applied systems, DPC & Cavity Trays and many more PDFs - available to view online or download. Two colour coded coats. CI/SfB Tt4 P741 June 2019A full list of data sheets, including liquid applied systems, DPC & Cavity Trays and many more PDFs - available to view online or download. Excellent elongation at break. RIW Cementjoint – a flexible waterproof composite tape, for embedding in Cementseal to reinforce joints, etc. Gas Seal Ancillaries Data Sheet. 2. co. RIW Structureseal Data Sheet. and sealed to vertical membrane with RIW Sealing Compound as. Abrasion and impact resistant. bitumen compound, with a release coated inter-leave. This product is generally used to protect against water and water vapour and as a membrane applied to surfaces. Manufactured from virgin material, not recycled waste. Suitable for horizontal, vertical and overhead applications. Profile. The product is designed to relieve hydrostatic pressure, by promoting the flow of ground water away from the face of the structure to land drainage. 3. Read full description. Concrete Mould Oil / Debonding Compound. About Us;. GAS SEAL ANCILLARIES GAS SEAL TAPE Gas Seal Tape is a double-sided self-adhesive butyl tape for sealing between overlaps in the membrane. Totally waterproof. Sheetseal 226 is typically used to provide a water and water vapour barrier in all forms of construction, particularly where large unobstructed areas are to be treated. button. Reviews. Products of other enterprises. The product is resistant to salts and most chemical attack, and having good UV resistance, is suitable for use in exposed exterior applications. Technical number: 01753 944200. compounds) ≤ 540 g/l SECTION 10: Stability and reactivity 10. View. Features & Benefits of Toughseal. pdf; ESD03-3D against existing structure. Waterproofing By Application | Find The Right Product | RIW. Applied to damp surfaces. RIW Flexiseal Pro or equal and approved RIW 50x50 bead of sealant compound RIW Sheetseal 226x300mm wide engineering grade brickwork below ground level - JUNCTIONS WITH STRUCTURESEAL-RIW Sheetseal 226 to be overlapped by 150mm onto the applied RIW Structureseal. RIW Structureseal Data Sheet. RIW produce a range of ancillary products for use with Structureseal which include: Waterstop - a flexible, expanding bentonite-based waterstop, for use in non-moving concrete construction joints. RIW Cementfill FC – a waterproof fairing coat and repair mortar for filling minor holes, voids and defects. POA . uk Email address of the competent person. Profile. pdf. -Seal together using 50 x 5mm bead of RIW Sealing Compound, in. Gas Proofing Systems. write a letter. 1-part polyurethane, moisture curing ( 1 ) Butyl and rubbers ( 1 ) Cementitious compound ( 1 ) HDPE ridged plastic ( 1 ) Non woven polypropylene geotextile ( 1 ) Part A: liquid polymer and additivePart B: Portland cement selected aggregate and admixtures ( 1 ) Plastic ( 1 ) Polyethylene ( 3 ) Polyurethane ( 1 ) Silicates and wetting agents ( 1 ) Synthetic rubber &. Cart. DPC & Cavity Trays. 3 RIW Sealing Compound is supplied in 25 kg tubs(1). Skin contact May cause irritation to skin. Granules are chemically treated sodium bentonite granules, which are mixed with water, and used as a detailing accessory product with Structureseal. Your product has been successfully added to your basketWaterproofing & Radon Barrier. <p>A CE marked waterproofing composite of high swelling sodium bentonite encapsulated between a non-woven and woven geotextile. A range of bentonite-based waterproofing products, comprising highly effective waterproofing geo-composite membranes and compounds, designed to prevent the passage of water and water vapour. A full list of data sheets, including liquid applied systems, DPC & Cavity Trays and many more PDFs - available to view online or download. Cementseal is a two component, polymer modified cement based waterproof coating for concrete and masonry, with excellent adhesion to prepared substrates. (0 customer review) Add a review. Technical number: Sales number: 01753 944210. A full list of data sheets, including liquid applied systems, DPC & Cavity Trays and many more PDFs - available to view online or download. Accessories: RIW Waterstop, RIW Sealing Compound and RIW Granules. RIW Gas Seal Tape: Double-sided self-adhesive butyl tape, 50 mm wide, for sealing between overlaps in the membrane. RIW Pre-Formed Gas Cloaks: Pre. RIW STRUCTURESEAL Structureseal is a highly effective waterproofing composite, of high strength green coloured geotextile, and sodium bentonite. 2. pdf. pdf. Sealing Compound / Granules; Structureseal; Waterstop; Structural Drainage Systems. When designing Type A (barrier) protection, as classified in BS 8102: 2009, the product. Sheet. RIW Cementfill HB – a waterproof high build repair mortar for profiling and providing fillets. RIW Cementjoint – a flexible waterproof composite tape, for embedding in Cementseal to reinforce joints, etc. RIW Cementfill HB – a waterproof high build repair mortar for profiling and providing fillets. Add your company Login. Sales number: 01753 944210. RIW Structureseal Data Sheet. Technical number: 01753 944200RIW Washers as required, to suit background. Cementjoint;RIW Cementfill HB – a waterproof high build repair mortar for profiling and providing fillets. BITUTHENE® is available in a number of grades to suit your project needs. Hydroduct Coil 150mm. Quantity. See separate data sheet. membranes, Sealing Compound is generally applied as a 5 x 50mm bead, central in a 150mm lap. These systems contain high swelling sodium bentonite, and are generally pre-applied prior to placement of insitu. Sales number: 01753 944210. £1592. RIW STRUCTURESEAL Structureseal is a highly effective waterproofing composite, of high strength green coloured geotextile, and sodium bentonite. Technical Hotline 01753 944200. Data Sheet. Sealing Compound - a trowel grade sodium bentonite compound, used as a detailing mastic around penetrations and corner. Ensure all laps face downwards, as applicable. Find a suitable external tanking waterproofing solution for this or any application below: Download Data Sheets Find your local stockist. Sales number: 01753 944210. Good tensile strength. (0 customer review) Add a review. pdf; ESD04 floor wall detail bent. Add your company Login. Granules are chemically treated sodium bentonite granules, which are used as a detailing accessory product, with the Structureseal system. Joint laps: Side and end laps minimum 100 mm are recommended; end joints staggered. Post on 02-Oct-2021. co. V. Gas Seal Ancillaries Data Sheet. A full list of data sheets, including liquid applied systems, DPC & Cavity Trays and many more PDFs - available to view online or download. Structural Drainage Systems [{product_related_downloads:count}] pdf. SECTION 6: Accidental release measures 6. Category: Documents. Granules - chemically treated sodium bentonite. Features & Benefits of FWM. RIW Waterstop Data Sheet. GAS SEAL ANCILLARIES GAS SEAL TAPE Gas Seal Tape is a double-sided self-adhesive butyl tape for sealing between overlaps in the membrane. TYPICAL USES. 85 KG – flexible sealants for all joints and cracks;. Products by RIW - We help design and project delivery teams keep water and ground gases out of buildings. Available in 100, 130 and 160 mm diameters. Toughseal can be used to provide a water and water vapour barrier behind tiles, render or beneath thin levelling screeds. Advice for firefighters Wear suitable respiratory equipment when necessary. Suitable substrates include concrete, masonry, steel, asbestos cement, timber, sprayed polyurethane foams and expanded polystyrene such as ICF systems. RIW’s technical seminar programme provides step-by-step guidance on a range of waterproofing issues. Cart. Typical Uses of Toughseal Eco. Contact information, enterprise essential elements - an address, telephones, fax. Sealing Compound - a trowel grade sodium bentonite compound, used as a detailing mastic around penetrations and corner. 4 l Specification Guide to RIW Waterproofing Systems. Granules are chemically treated sodium bentonite granules, which areused as a detailing accessory product, with the Structureseal system. Sheetseal Primer is a bitumen solution. RIW 28: RIW Sealing Compound 5. 0 downloadRIW produce a range of ancillary products for use with Structureseal which include: Waterstop - a flexible, expanding bentonite-based waterstop, for use in non-moving concrete construction joints. Excellent chemical resistance. 00. RIW Structureseal Data Sheet. Data Sheet. Separate damp proof membrane not required. GCP Hydroduct Coil 150mm quantity. Cart. APPLICATION Ensure all surfaces to be lapped are dry and free from dust, grease and other contaminates. Double Drain can also be used to provide excellent. RIW Waterstop Data Sheet. by RIW. Seal together using 50 x 5mm bead of RIW Sealing Compound, in centre of lap. Allbiz. Customer Sales 01753 944210. Structural Drainage Systems [{product_related_downloads:count}] pdf. A full list of data sheets, including liquid applied systems, DPC & Cavity Trays and many more PDFs - available to view online or download. Technical number: 01753 944200. SECTION 6: Accidental release measures 6. 5. How to Specify. May 2014 Technical Expertise How to Specify Waterproofing RIW has been a generic term for waterproofing products for over 90 years; our name even stands for ‘Remember It’s Waterproof’, taken from an old ad slogan in 1921. Sealing not required. A ‘needle-punch’ process interlocks the geotextiles together through the bentonite, forming an extremely strong composite that maintains a consistent layer of bentonite. info · RIW STRUCTURESEAL Structureseal is a highly effective waterproofing composite, of high. RIW produce a range of ancillary products for use with Structureseal which include: Waterstop - a flexible, expanding bentonite-based waterstop, for use in non-moving concrete construction joints. Technical Hotline 01753 944200. A full list of data sheets, including liquid applied systems, DPC & Cavity Trays and many more PDFs - available to view online or download. Contact Us. The membrane is very flexible and will follow the contours of the RIW products are suitable for a wide range of applications, from basement tanking to at and above ground level waterproofing. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency proceduresFLEXISEAL 500 Flex Sealant – A two-component, reactive, fast curing flexible sealant consisting of resin and powder initiator, used for sealing of cracks and gaps where low level movement can be expected. PEACE OF MIND GUARANTEED CASE STUDY Cast Contracting Ltd 012 5 6 763100 info @ccl-ltd. net Lodge Farm Hook Road North Warnborough Hook Hampshire RG29 1HA The British Museum The British Museums’ new World Conservation & Exhibitions Centre required a comprehensive waterproofing solution to protect priceless artefacts at their £135m storage facilities in London. Got a Technical query? Click here to get a callback. Sealing Compound should not be left exposed for RIW Limited 487-488 Ipswich Road, Slough, SL1 4EP Technical enquires tel: 01753 944200 Commercial enquires tel: 01753 944210 The information in this literature was correct at the time of going RIW Sealing Compound – Specialist Construction Supplies. Other materials are also adhered to the Cavity Drain products using Overtape. DPM Blue protects the structure against moisture and radon from the ground. ADOBREAK is manufactured to comply with the requirements of Clause 1011 of the Specification for Highway Works. Apply strip of RIW Universal Tape across end of RIW Sheetseal 226, which is to be coated with Flexiseal. RIW Cementfill HB – a waterproof high build repair mortar for profiling and providing fillets. bitumen compound, with a release coated inter-leave. RIW, Ltd. Environmentally friendly. RIW Waterstop Data Sheet. bitumen compound, with a release coated inter-leave. Technical number: 01753 944200 Sales number: 01753 944210 50 x 5mm bead of RIW Sealing Compound. Row the weight up so your. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture:Waterproofing. Apply RIW Flexiseal, lapped over the RIW Sheetseal 226, by 200mm minimum. Profile. GBP. It is a cold applied, high density polyethylene film bonded to aluminium foil and coated with a bitumen/rubber self adhesive layer . Match case Limit results 1 per page. RIW, Ltd. Bituthene 4000 is a flexible preformed waterproof membrane combining a high performance cross laminated, HDPE carrier film with a unique super sticky self adhesive rubber. Visit us at riw. When designing Type A structures (as classified in BS. Installed at the bottom of basement walls and linked to the Hydroduct sheet an alternative to a perforated sub soil drainage pipe. RIW Sealing Compound - 15kg pack | £ 324. Provides efficient sealing of horizontal. All information about RIW, Ltd. pdf. P E A C E O F M I N D G U A R A N T E E D CASE STUDY Cast Contracting Ltd 01256 763100 info@ccl-ltd. POA . Sealing. 90% minimum soil particles, smaller than 5mm. Trade name:RIW FLEXISEAL 500 SMOOTHING COMPOUND 1. Ensure all laps face downwards, as applicable. POA. Upload: riw-ltd Post on 13-Apr-2017. RIW Gas Seal Tape HC: Double-sided self-adhesive butyl tape, 100 mm wide, for sealing between overlaps in the membrane. Description. 9 company wide current stock level. About Us;. Click here to download the latest Product Selection - ResapolRIW Gas Seal HC • Gas Seal Tape HC • Lap Tape RB • Preformed Gas Cloaks • Gas seal Pipe Collars • Gas Seal GR DPC • Geo-fleece CI/SfB Tn6 L14143 February 2017. 361 JUNCTIONS WITH STRUCTURESEAL • RIW Sheetseal 226 to be overlapped by 150mm onto the applied RIW Structureseal. RIW, Ltd. Upload: lammien. RIW Gas Seal Tape: Double-sided self-adhesive butyl tape, 50 mm wide, for sealing between overlaps in the. Self-adhesive, damp-proofing, waterproofing and gas retardant membrane. BENEFITSHigh performance, polymeric DPC. It is designed to provide a durable and flexible seal for concrete structures. Features & Benefits of Cementseal. Granules are chemically treated sodium bentonite granules, which areused as a detailing accessory product, with the Structureseal system. MultiJoint is designed for use in all types of movement joints and construction gaps, to provide a waterproofing system between structural elements. Class 1 Fire rating. See separate data sheet. RIW has a broad range of high performance structural waterproofing products. 5. RIW products are stocked by specialist distributors such as SIG, Resapol, Anchor Bay and Miers Construction who deliver over a wide area. The product chemically reacts with cement, to produce a durable surface seal, which stabilises the substrate and reduces the evaporation of water. Title: RIW-TD-155FLEXISEAL 500 FLEX SEALANT V 4. RIW Cementjoint – a flexible waterproof composite tape, for embedding in Cementseal to reinforce joints, etc. 34 l Specification Guide for RIW Waterproofing Systems RIW SEALING COMPOUND TYPICAL USES Sealing Compound is a trowel grade sodium bentonite/butyl rubber based sealant, and is used with Structureseal for a variety of. LAC ® can also be used on the superstructure, as a vapour barrier behind cladding systems / plaster finishes. Enquire Now View. RIW Heviseal is a cold applied bitumen based UV waterproofing coating filled with fibres and minerals. Full range of accessories & tailored products. Brick Plugs - a fixing plug for vertical fixing of the Cavity Drain. 5 The product and components must be stored in dry conditions, under cover and away from the possibility ofFeatures & Benefits of Cementseal. It can be seam welded to form a monolithic membrane, but the laps can also be sealed with a range of Gas Seal Ancillary tapes. Available in 100, 130 and 160 mm diameters. 2. Menu. Technical number: 01753 944200. Self. 0. Match case Limit results 1 per page. This makes it. pdf. RIW produce a range of ancillary products for use with LAC which include: Cementfill FC - Cement based waterproof fairing coat and repair mortar for filling minor holes, voids and defects. Connectors must be used to join Hydroduct Coil 150 to sub-soil drains. Fully compatible with RIW waterproofing systems. Buy Sealing Compound Materials insulating in Bracknell United Kingdom — from RIW, Ltd. About Us;. Main. RIW Waterstop Data Sheet. RIW Cavity Drain Ancillaries Data Sheet. RIW Flexiseal Pro or equal and approved RIW 50x50 bead of sealant compound RIW Sheetseal 226x300mm wide engineering grade brickwork below ground level - JUNCTIONS WITH STRUCTURESEAL-RIW Sheetseal 226 to be overlapped by 150mm onto the applied RIW Structureseal. Membrane. Reviews: 0. RIW Sealing Compound & Granules is a trowel-grade, sodium bentonite/butyl-rubber based sealant, designed for use with the Structureseal system. 5. NBS Source is the new home of the NBS National BIM Library - BIM objects and Revit families (free to download). 2. Products catalog RIW, Ltd. LAC ® can also be used on the superstructure, as a vapour barrier behind cladding systems / plaster finishes. Available in 100, 130 and 160 mm diameters. write a letter. We can provide expert advice on structural waterproofing products, including gas proofing, cavity drainage systems and fast track liquids. Fixing on horizontal surfaces: RIW Staples, through laps, at maximum 400 mm centres. 4 RIW Granules are supplied in 20 kg bags. Features and benefits: The product will also act as a curing agent for newly placed. RIW SEALING COMPOUND & GRANULES. Simple to detail in critical areas. A bituminous/asphalt based compound which will harden on dowel bars to form a thin plastic sheath which after casting of concrete will allow dowel bars to completely break bond with concrete. RIW Flexiseal should then be lapped over the RIW Sheetseal 226, and be continued up to dpc, as required. uk Specification Guide to RIW Waterproofing Systems l 5. Pre-applied Tanking System. Two colour membrane for on-site quality control. Compare. Contact us: 01344 397777 technical@riw. Menu. Specification Guide: RIW WATERPROOFING SYSTEMS; of 31 /31. RIW Sealing Compound. RIW, Ltd. BENEFITS l Water and water vapour barrier l Factory controlled thickness l Elastic and flexible l Damage easily repaired l No. SECTION 6: Accidental release measures 6. Gas Seal HC is a 0. Sealing Compound - a trowel grade sodium bentonite compound, used as a detailing mastic around penetrations and corner. A full list of data sheets, including liquid applied systems, DPC & Cavity Trays and many more PDFs - available to view online or download. BENEFITS l Pre-applied tanking…Sealing Compound is a trowel-grade sodium bentonite/butyl-rubber based sealant, designed for use with Structureseal. Allbiz. RIW Overtape was used to seal the cavity drain membrane at wall/floor, wall/ceiling junctions and around service pipe penetrations. Flexiseal PRO, as a system, is used in all situations where a high performance tanking or damp proof membrane is required. CONSTRUCTION IMPORTANT NOTES 1. Accessories: RIW Waterstop, RIW Sealing Compound and RIW Granules. 3. PEACE OF MIND GUARANTEED CASE STUDY Latitude Housing Development, Pylands Lane A dual waterproofing solution was re- quired for a collection of semi-detached houses on a new housing development in Bursledon THE CHALLENGE THE SOLUTION Latitude is a new housing development from Bellway Homes set in the small. RIW Gas Seal Tape: Double-sided self-adhesive butyl tape, 50 mm wide, for sealing between overlaps in the membrane. Specification Guide: RIW WATERPROOFING SYSTEMS May 2014 4 l Specification Guide to RIW Waterproofing Systems Technical Expertise How to Specify Waterproofing RIW has been…Sheetseal 226 is typically used as a basement tanking system, or as a ground floor damp proof membrane; particularly where large unobstructed areas are to be waterproofed. Sealing not required. Reviews: 0. Features and benefits: Dense matrix offers low permeability to water, even at 10 bar pressure.